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When European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen visited Dresden on August 20 for the groundbreaking ceremony of a new semiconductor manufacturing plant, she brought a gift of 5 billion euros. Actually it wasn't really a gift, it wasn't even European money. What von der Leyen did in the early hours of the morning was approve German government grants for the project.
It was the official green light needed to carry out the large-scale project, which is part of Germany's aim to develop its semiconductor manufacturing sector. German Chancellor Olaf Scholz, who was also present at the laying of the foundation stone, expressed his satisfaction.
The new factory is expected to employ 2,000 people and will be operational by 2027. The project is a joint venture of ESMC (European Semiconductor Manufacturing Company) and its partners Bosch, Infineon and NXP.
The driving force behind the deal is Taiwan-based TSMC, the world's largest semiconductor maker. This is the company's first step in Europe.

The new 10 billion euro plant will be built near the German engineering company Bosch and the facilities of Germany's largest semiconductor maker, Infineon, in what many call "Silicon Saxony".
Silicon Saxony is a region that encompasses a 100 kilometer radius around Dresden, the capital of the German regional state of Saxony. After a difficult period, the region has seen an upward trajectory over the past 15 years.
Today, this high-tech center has 3600 companies active in the field of microelectronics, software or as suppliers of these companies. These companies employ about 81,000 people, one third of whom are women.
According to Frank Bösenberg, chief executive of an industry association also called Silicon Saxony, continued growth paves the way for the industry to employ around 100,000 workers by 2030. According to his calculations, this sector would then overtake the automobiles and will become the most important industry in Saxony.
In an interview with DW, Bösenberg described his work as a mix of politics, economic development, marketing and management expertise. In addition to focusing on Saxony, it coordinates with other semiconductor groups in France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, Italy, Austria and the Czech Republic.
Saksonia ka qenë një qendër prodhimi që nga vitet 1980. Pjesërisht në sajë të kësaj historie të gjatë, Silicon Saxony është sot qendra më e madhe e mikroelektronikës në Evropë, me zgjedhjen më të madhe të punëdhënësve dhe numrin më të madh të partnerëve ose konkurrentëve. Ky ekosistem, i cili përfshin universitetet teknike të Dresdenit dhe qytetin e afërt të Chemnitz-it, ka qenë në gjendje të mbështesë veten dhe të rritet.
Ndërtimi i fabrikave është njëra pjesë e ekuacionit. Të kesh njerëz të kualifikuar për të punuar në to është pjesa tjetër, dhe këtu Saksonia dhe Turingia fqinje mund të kenë probleme.
Landet, dhe Gjermania Lindore në përgjithësi, nuk kanë qenë gjithmonë mikpritës me të sapoardhurit. Për një rajon që mbështetet shumë te punëtorët e huaj të kualifikuar, frika e intolerancës mund t'i mbajë punëtorët larg. Nëse këto frikëra mbështeten nga një qeveri më e djathtë, gjërat mund të përkeqësohen.
Deri tani, kompanitë e Silicon Saksonisë kanë qenë në gjendje të përballojnë sfidën e gjetjes së punëtorëve të kualifikuar. Frika se fabrikat e reja të mëdha do të largonin punëtorët nga bizneset e vogla nuk u materializuan, pasi gjithnjë e më shumë njerëz nga jashtë rajonit i zbuluan vendet e punës që ofroheshin.
Bösenberg tha se rritja mund të çojë në probleme të tjera, si vështirësi strehimi, shkollat dhe transporti publik. Projektet e infrastrukturës në Gjermani janë të njohura se janë të ngadalta dhe e kapërcejnë buxhetin e paracaktuar. Në Saksoni, shumica e planifikimit bazohet në tkurrjen e rajonit dhe jo në rritjen e tij. Rreth Dresdenit, situata aktuale është "e mirë deri në shumë e mirë", thotë Bösenberg, por ajo duhet të ruhet. Së shpejti do të nevojiten më shumë banesa. Tashmë është e vështirë të gjesh apartamente më të mëdha. Një nga sfidat është të përcaktohet se kush do të vijë për të plotësuar vendet e punës: beqarë apo çifte dhe sa fëmijë do të sjellin? Ka shumë faktorë që modifikojnë nevojat.

TSMC në Dresden kaloi shpejt nga diskutimet në vendosjen e gurit të themelit. Diku tjetër, projektet nuk kanë ecur kaq shpejt. Vitin e kaluar, qeveria nënshkroi një marrëveshje me Intel-in për të ndihmuar në ndërtimin e dy vendeve të prodhimit të gjysmëpërçuesve në qytetin lindor të Magdeburgut. Investimi total mund të arrijë në rreth 30 miliardë euro.
Në atë kohë, kancelari i quajti planet e kompanisë si investimi më i madh i huaj direkt në historinë gjermane. Ndërtimi pritet të fillojë këtë vit, por ende nuk ka ndodhur gjë. Ndërkohë, kompania njoftoi se duhej të reduktonte fuqinë punëtore dhe investimet. Në rajonin e Magdeburgut, shumë dyshojnë se a do të ndërtohet gjë.
Wolfspeed, një prodhues amerikan i gjysmëpërçuesve, po përpiqet gjithashtu të hapë një fabrikë prej disa vitesh në landin e Zarës, në Gjermaninë perëndimore. Vendosja e gurthemelit të kësaj fabrike, e cila do të prodhonte gjysmëpërçues për industrinë e automobilëve, është shtyrë nga viti 2023 në 2025.
Moreover, Germany needs to think more broadly. TSMC's €10 billion plant is a welcome addition to Silicon Saxony, but it pales in comparison to the $65 billion (€58 billion) the company plans to spend on three new factories in Arizona, United States, by the year 2030.
In August, the US Department of Commerce announced that over the past two years, the CHIPS and Science Act has provided more than $30 billion in funding for 23 projects, including 16 new semiconductor manufacturing facilities, in 15 US states.
Some question all these subsidies, especially when the investments support production rather than research and development (R&D). TSCM and Intel, for example, will continue to keep research and development close to themselves, leaving Germany to become a production line for others.
However, for many customers the "Made in Germany" label doesn't mean much when it comes to semiconductors, especially since no one actually sees the semiconductors. "As a customer, you don't care if the chip comes from Dresden or Hsinchu [in Taiwan]. The quality has to be right," Frank Bösenberg told DW.
If Germany wants to become less dependent on others for its semiconductors, it must provide superior quality at a globally competitive price. Made in Germany is not enough. According to Bösenberg, Germany still participates in the semiconductor race. Although he believes progress still needs to be made. "Yes, we are Silicon Saxony. Yes, we are the largest microelectronics center in Europe," he said. "But at the end of the day, Europe is the measuring scale, the region, the level at which things have to be achieved, because otherwise we will be too small, and nobody wants to be small when it comes to semiconductors./ DW
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