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Rafal Trzaskowski or Karol Nawrocki? Pro-European or skeptic? Poles in Germany are also voting in the runoff for the presidential election in Poland on Sunday (01.06). Their preferences differ from those of their compatriots in their homeland.
We met Ewa, who has regularly cast her vote when elections are held in Poland. Even though she has lived in Germany for 40 years and holds a German passport, she always votes. She originally came to Germany as a political refugee, but Ewa still has relatives in her country of origin. In Poland, she even helped campaign for democracy and the rule of law there from 2015 to 2023, when the national conservative PiS party ruled the country.
Around two million people with Polish roots live in Germany, over 850,000 of them have only a Polish passport. Anyone with Polish citizenship has the right to take part in elections in Poland - but only around 80,000 of the "German Poles" exercised this right in the first round of the presidential election two weeks ago.
In order to vote, Polish citizens living in Germany must register on a list at the consulate. This requires a valid Polish identity card or passport, which many Polish immigrants in Germany no longer have. The long distances to the polling stations also have a deterrent effect: There are a total of 54 polling stations in large German cities such as Hamburg, Berlin, Cologne, Munich and Dortmund. For many Poles living in Germany, the journey to the polling station can be 200 kilometers or more. There is no postal voting.
"Voting is a duty for me, which I fulfill with pleasure," says Ewa. That's why she is also taking part in this year's presidential election - like the more than 112,000 Polish-Germans who were registered on the electoral rolls by Tuesday evening (May 27, 2025). A quarter more than in the first round of voting. And more than ever before.
Nawrocki in third place
The results of the first round of voting clearly show: Poles in Germany vote differently from their fellow citizens in their homeland. Rafal Trzaskowski, a liberal and pro-European, came first in both polls - in Germany with 40.6 percent compared to 31.6 percent of the votes he received in Poland. While in Poland, the national conservative Karol Nawrocki came second, in Germany this place was taken by the right-wing extremist Slawomir Mentzen, i.e. second place with 18.8 percent.
Nawrocki u rendit i treti në Gjermani me vetëm 14.5 përqind - në Poloni numri i votave ishte më shumë se dyfish më i lartë, 29.5 përqind. Nëse preferencat e polakëve që jetojnë në Gjermani do të kishin qenë vendimtare në raundin e parë të votimit, kandidati nacionakonservator nuk do të ishte pjesë e zgjedhjeve të balotazhit.
Fitorja e Trzaskoskit nuk ishte e papritur. Që pesë vjet më parë, kryetari aktual i bashkisë së kryeqytetit polak, Varshavës, fitoi zgjedhjet e balotazhit në Gjermani me mbi 70 përqind kundër presidentit në detyrë, konservatorit kombëtar Andrzej Duda. Por megjithatë, në Poloni i humbi zgjedhjet.
Habi shkaktoi vendi i dytë për Mentzen, i cili përfundoi i treti në Poloni në raundin e parë. Në përgjithësi, kandidatët ekstremistë të krahut të djathtë në Gjermani arritën një rezultat shumë të mirë. Në Gjermani, 28 përqind e votuesve votuan për Mentzenin dhe antisemitistin dhe antievropianin Grzegorz Braun, ndërsa në Poloni, 22 përqind.
Mentzen i partisë libertariane të krahut të djathtë ekstrem, Konfederacja, është në Parlamentin Europian në një grup me AfD-në. Kurse Braun sapo humbi imunitetin si eurodeputet sepse shuajti qirinjtë e Hanukkah në parlamentin polak, Sejm, dhe sulmoi një grua që u përpoq ta ndalonte.
Lodhje nga sistemi dypartiak
"Unë vendosa për Braun", u shpreh Damian [emri i ndryshuar, red.]. Ai vjen nga Polonia veriore dhe ka punuar si punëtor ndërtimi në Gjermani për vite me radhë. Kohën e lirë në Berlin Damian e kalon në një diskotekë polake. "Braun e vlerëson historinë polake, ai kultivon të qenurit polak. Liberalëve nuk u intereson kjo", shpjegon Damian. «Ata duan të shfaqen si evropianë, aq sa do të na nënshtrojnë tek Brukseli», ka frikë Damian. Për ta parandaluar këtë, mendon, se duhet të marrë pjesë "padyshim" në zgjedhje.
As Piotri nuk mund ta imagjinojë veten të mos e përmbushë detyrën si qytetar. "Katoliku i devotshëm", siç e quan veten, ka një punë të paguar mirë në Gjermani, ku jeton prej gati 40 vitesh. Fëmijët, të cilët kanë lindur në Gjermani, votojnë vetëm në zgjedhjet gjermane, ndërsa Piotr merr pjesë si në zgjedhjet gjermane ashtu edhe në ato polake. "Unë votova për Mentzenin," zbulon ai. "Ai është inteligjent, e njeh ekonominë dhe më e rëndësishmja - nuk ka të bëjë fare me sistemin aktual."
Me sa duket ky "sistem" ka rëndësi për shumë polakë gjermanë, beson politologia Agnieszka Lada-Konefal: "Votuesit që mbështesin Braun dhe Mentzen nuk mund të përshkruhen thjesht si anti-evropianë ose anti-semitë", thotë zëvendësdrejtoresha e Institutit Gjerman-Polak në Darmstadt. "Mbi të gjitha, ata janë 'kundër-sistemit', duke mos dashur as Trzaskowski-n dhe as Nawrocki-n sepse, për ta, ata përfaqësojnë sistemin dypartiak që ka ekzistuar prej vitesh. Ata emigruan sepse ndiheshin të disavantazhuar nga ky sistem - dhe nuk duan të kthehen për sa kohë që ai ende ekziston. Ata duan dikë të ri."
"Our AfD"
"They just vote against," Ewa says of far-right voters. "They live here in Germany, they see how the AfD is elected here. And then they think: Why don't we vote for 'our AfD' too?" Ewa votes differently. In recent years, she has voted for Trzaskowski and the party of incumbent Prime Minister Donald Tusk, the Civic Platform (PO). In the first round of the presidential election, she voted for the candidate of the New Left party because she defends women's rights. It was, as she puts it, "a vote of the heart."
Every vote can be decisive
. In front of the Polish church in Berlin, we meet another Ewa, on her way to church. “All my Polish friends agree,” she laughs. “Only Rafal Trzaskowski, who else?” Religiosity doesn’t decide. “
"The majority of Poles in Germany are progressive, cosmopolitan and pro-European," political scientist Lada-Konefal points out. "For these people, Trzaskowski is the candidate who will ensure that Poland also develops in this direction."
According to polls in the week before the runoff, the two candidates are in a head-to-head race. So every vote could be decisive. For many Poles, including those in Germany, June 1st is no longer about who they want, but about who they don't want. They say they are choosing the "lesser evil."
Dana thinks so too. She came to Berlin because the LGBT community in Poland has been increasingly attacked under the PiS government. "In the first round, I voted for the left-wing candidate, because only the left takes people like us seriously and defends us. On Sunday, I will vote for Trzaskowski because he is less bad than Nawrocki." Dana chooses her words carefully: "For us queers, elections hardly bring anything good anyway," she says resignedly. But Dana is also clear that a PiS president would bring bad things to her community.
Even Piotr, who would actually like to see the right-wing extremist Mentzen as president, will choose, according to him, "the lesser evil." "Not Trzaskowski! His views change very often. Sometimes he is Catholic, then he supports the LGBT movement. Sometimes he appears with the Polish flag, then with the EU flag, even with the colors of the rainbow. I can't understand this," explains the German Pole. "My vote goes to Nawrocki."/ DW
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