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Although until recently it was a regular practice, the government in Serbia now sees early parliamentary elections as something that belongs to the future. Maybe in the spring, maybe only a year from now.
This is how Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i?, from the ruling Serbian Progressive Party (SNS), responded to the protesting students' demand.
Political scientist Dejan Bursa? tells Radio Free Europe that there is a problem if the SNS, which he calls an "electoral machine", does not go to early elections even though it has done so repeatedly in the past.
"This problem is called: they can't win the elections," says Bursaç, a senior research associate at the Institute for Philosophy and Social Theory.
"So, the elections for them are a big dark alley ," he added.
Protesting students announced on December 29 that nearly 400,000 citizens have supported their demand for early parliamentary elections in Serbia.
However, Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i? expressed doubts about this figure, estimating that they have not collected "even seven percent" of it.
What did the students say?
Eight months after submitting their request for election, the students called on citizens to support them by signing the "Declare Victory" campaign.
"This action has proven to us that even after more than a year of continuous struggle, the will and strength are not fading," the students declared on Instagram.
The action took place on December 28th across Serbia, at over 500 stands. The signatures they collected will not be sent to any institution as a formal request to call elections, nor are they signatures in support of a student list.
"But, it is a kind of pressure and it will be important in the sense that it will show that this is not just a demand of students, but a demand of all citizens," Nemanja, a student at the Faculty of Mathematics in Belgrade, told REL during the action.
The students said that in this way they are also creating connections with citizens. The students launched massive protests across Serbia after the collapse of the reconstructed railway station shelter in Novi Sad on November 1, 2024, which killed 16 people and seriously injured one. They insist on criminal and political responsibility for the tragedy in Novi Sad.
What did Vu?i? say?
Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i? stated that he "just smiled" at the figure published by the students for the number of signatures collected.
"No one will ever beat that number and no one has ever reached it ," Vu?i? said at the annual conference on December 30.
Responding to the "Declare Victory" action, he said that their main demand had been accepted.
“Do të shkojmë së shpejti, vitin e ardhshëm, në zgjedhje. Vetëm se nuk do të jenë aq të lumtur kur t’i numërojnë votat”, u tha ai më 28 dhjetor të mbledhurve para Kuvendit të Serbisë.
Në ditën kur studentët organizuan aksionin e mbledhjes së nënshkrimeve, përpara parlamentit filloi largimi i çadrave në të cilat muajt e mëparshëm qëndronin mbështetësit e pushtetit.
Duke folur për afatet e mundshme të mbajtjes së zgjedhjeve të parakohshme, presidenti i Serbisë tha se ato mund të mbaheshin në maj ose dhjetor të vitit 2026.
“Më realiste është të pritet që kjo të ndodhë në fund të vitit 2026”, tha ai më 4 dhjetor në TV Pink.
Ai gjithashtu nuk e përjashtoi mundësinë që në zgjedhjet e parakohshme parlamentare të kandidojë për kryeministër.
“Nëse shohim se është e mundur të mos kandidoj dhe të fitojmë, sigurisht që nuk do të jem kandidat. Nëse shohim se ndryshe është e pamundur, është e mundur që të marr një vendim tjetër”, tha ai më 28 dhjetor në TV Pink.
Para se të zgjidhej president i Serbisë në vitin 2017, Vuçiç mbante postin e kryeministrit. Ky është mandati i tij i dytë presidencial dhe sipas Kushtetutës ai nuk ka më të drejtë të kandidojë për president të Serbisë.
Pse zgjedhjet janë një e panjohur?
Fakti që Vuçiç ende nuk ka shpallur zgjedhjet, për politologun Dejan Bursaç tregon se zgjedhjet këtë herë janë një e panjohur për partinë që është në pushtet që nga viti 2012. Përveç këtij fakti, Bursaç u referohet edhe hulumtimeve të pavarura.
“Edhe në kushte zgjedhore të pabarabarta, ata dukshëm nuk mund t’i fitojnë zgjedhjet parlamentare”, shtoi ai.
Sipas një studimi të shtatorit nga organizata joqeveritare për monitorimin e zgjedhjeve, Crta, listën studentore e mbështesin 44 për qind e qytetarëve, ndërsa bllokun e udhëhequr nga Vuçiq e mbështesin 32 për qind.
Ky studim tregoi gjithashtu se dy të tretat e qytetarëve e shohin shpalljen e zgjedhjeve të parakohshme si mënyrë për të dalë nga kriza. Presidenti i Serbisë, Aleksandar Vuçiç, deklaroi në shtator se lista studentore do të kishte rreth 20 për qind mbështetje, por në dëm të partive opozitare.
Megjithatë, në fund të tetorit, duke iu referuar një sondazhi të ri, ai tha për Informer se lista studentore për herë të parë është në rënie dhe se “gjithçka është përmbysur”. Studentët njoftuan se nuk do të kandidojnë, por se do të vendosin se kush do të gjendet në listën që ata do ta mbështesin. Kjo listë në publik është quajtur “studentore”.
Kërkesën për zgjedhje e paraqitën në fillim të majit 2025, pesë muaj pas fillimit të bllokadave të fakulteteve dhe protestave, duke thënë se po hyjnë në “një fazë të re të luftës”, pasi pushteti nuk i ka përmbushur kërkesat e tyre. Zyrtarët e pushtetit i hedhin poshtë këto pretendime, duke thënë se kërkesat janë përmbushur, sidomos publikimi i dokumentacionit për shembjen e strehës dhe nisja e procesit juridik kundër të dyshuarve.
Pse pushteti nuk shkon në zgjedhje?
The Serbian Progressive Party has run in early parliamentary elections four times over the past decade – in 2014, 2016, 2022 and 2023.
"Although in none of these four cases were there valid reasons for this. There was no coalition crisis or similar, but they simply wanted to extend their mandate for four years ," says political scientist Dejan Bursa?.
Regular parliamentary elections were held only in June 2020, during the coronavirus pandemic. Now the government has been avoiding early elections for months, and Bursaç sees the reason in the evaluation of the student list.
In addition, the request for early elections comes at an unfavorable moment for the government, which is facing several foreign policy challenges.
As a result of US sanctions against the Oil Industry of Serbia (NIS), imposed due to its majority Russian ownership and the ban on the supply of crude oil, the work of the Refinery has been suspended.
"It is clear that no government goes to the polls in a situation of impending economic collapse. I believe that Vucic will expect some result regarding NIS, whatever it is," says Bursac.
The Serbian Presidency and the Serbian Progressive Party did not respond to REL's question about why the government has not yet accepted the request to call early parliamentary elections. A few months ago, Serbian President Aleksandar Vu?i? told the Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (FAZ) that the elections would be held when preparations for EXPO are completed.
Asked why he does not announce early parliamentary elections when protesters demand them, although he has done so four times over the past decade, he said that preparations for Expo 2027 in Belgrade must be completed first and that elections will be held in 2026. The specialized exhibition EXPO will be held in Belgrade from May to August 2027.
What happens to the opposition?
Political scientist Dejan Bursaç says he understands the students' strategic choice not to cooperate with the opposition.
"But this does not mean that the opposition should not run in the elections ," he adds.
He thinks there should be coordination between the student list and the opposition in terms of controlling the elections, preventing irregularities, and not attacking each other.
"But the opposition must also come out in these elections with a clear plan and not in six or seven columns," he emphasized.
So far, the Democratic Party and the right-wing movement Dveri have announced support for the student list and the availability of their resources.
The Start-Change Movement and the Green-Left Front (ZLF) have expressed their willingness to cooperate and support the organization of a joint list. The Free Citizens' Movement (PSG) considers that a joint opposition list would be useful for supporting students. /REL
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