How Russia Recruits Foreigners to Fight in Ukraine
The 21-year-old from Sri Lanka did not expect to be se...

When protests erupted in Belarus in 2020 following rigged presidential elections, activists turned to Telegram to coordinate action, avoiding the oversight of authorities in Alayksandr Lukashenkas' repressive society and highlighting the benefits the messaging app could offer.
But others with less worthy causes also use Telegram, attracted by its encryption features and lack of content moderation, from drug smugglers and pedophiles to the Russian military fighting in Ukraine and propagandists. of her who spread misinformation on social networks.
Telegram has been in the spotlight since Pavel Durov, the co-founder of this platform, was arrested in Paris on August 24. According to French media reports, his arrest was carried out at the request of a special unit operating within the French Ministry of the Interior, a unit that deals with the investigation of crimes against minors.
An indictment has not yet been filed against Durov.
Through a statement, Telegram said that Durov, the 39-year-old billionaire who also has a French passport, has nothing to hide. The statement added that it was absurd to hold Telegram's owner responsible for violations on the messaging platform.
What is Telegram?
Telegram was founded by Durov and his brothers in 2013 in response to the Russian government's crackdown on mass pro-democracy protests that rocked Moscow in late 2011 and 2012.
One of the advantages that Telegram has is the encryption of communication and the anonymity of users. In groups, the number of users' phones is not visible.
It has more than 900 million users, most of them in Russia, Ukraine and other former Soviet republics. Telegram is the third largest communication platform in the world, after WhatsApp and Messenger.
Compared to other messaging platforms, Telegram "is less secure and weaker in terms of policies and detection of illegal content," David Thiel, a researcher at Stanford University, told the AP.
The tool of the oppressed
During the protests in Belarus in 2020, Telegram was key to organizing and sharing information. The Telegram channel NEXTA, which had been publishing real-time information from protests in Minsk and other cities, experienced a surge in followers, reaching 2 million followers in the three days after the disputed August 9 election. The channel's founder, Stepan Putilo, 22, was even declared a terrorist by the Belarusian government.
Në Iran, Telegrami besohet se ka 40 milionë përdorues dhe më 2018 ai ishte burimi kryesor i informimit teksa protestat antiqeveritare u përhapën në mbarë vendin. Shumë iranianë përdorin grupet private në Telegram për të mbajtur kontakte me familjen dhe miqtë. Ata po ashtu abonohen në kanale publike për të marrë lajme që nuk janë të qasshme në mediat shtetërore. Gjatë trazirave të vitit 2018, autoritetet iraniane më pas tentuan ta bllokonin Telegramin.
Aktivitetet e paligjshme
Veçoria e Telegramit, sa i përket enkriptimit, ka tërhequr ata që këmbejnë imazhe të abuzimit seksual të fëmijëve dhe numra të kartave të vjedhura bankare. Një hulumtim i kryer nga BBC më 2019, gjeti se aplikacionet e mesazheve, përfshirë Telegramin dhe Discordin, ishin bërë mjaft popullore pas operacioneve të suksesshme policore kundër tregjeve kriminale që operojnë në atë që njihet si “dark web” – një rrjet në internet ku mund të hyhet vetëm duke përdorur mjete të posaçme.
Hulumtimi i BBC-së gjeti të dhëna që thoshin se pedofilët po përdornin si Telegramin, ashtu edhe Discordin, për t’iu dhënë njerëzve qasje në materiale abuzive.
Mjet për propagandë
Pavarësisht se nuk është i vetmi rrjet social, Telegrami është dëshmuar se është një mjet i fuqishëm për përhapjen e dezinformatave.
Telegrami është platforma më e madhe për dezinformim në Evropën Qendrore dhe Lindore, sipas një raporti të gazetarisë hulumtuese të publikuar më 2023, ku po ashtu thuhej se kanalet në gjuhën gjermane luajnë “një rol të rëndësishëm si një qendër e mendimeve ekstreme që ndikon në pjesën tjetër të Evropës Qendrore dhe Lindore”.
Më 2022, Gjermania shqiptoi gjoba prej 5.125 milionë eurosh kundër operatorëve të Telegramit për dështim që të respektojnë ligjet gjermane.
Që kur presidenti rus, Vladimir Putin, nisi pushtimin në shkallë të plotë të Ukrainës në shkurt të vitit 2022, Telegrami gjithnjë e më shumë është përdorur nga Kremlini.
Gjatë muajve të parë të pushtimit, Kremlini shtypi platformat perëndimore të mediave sociale, ndërkaq “vazhdoi të tolerojë Telegramin dhe e përdori për qëllimet e tij”, u tha në një raport të publikuar në qershor nga Laboratori i Kërkimeve i Forenzikës Digjitale (DFRLab), një njësi për analizimin e dezinformatave e Këshillit të Atlantikut, institut me bazë në Uashington.
“Kanalet kryesore patën rritje të madhe të ndjekësve pas pushtimit të shkurtit të vitit 2022, por disa nga kanalet pro luftës më me ndikim, sikurse Karaulny, Z SIL0VIKI dhe WarGonzo”, u tha në raport, megjithatë, numri i ndjekësve nisi të binte në fillim të vitit 2024.
DFRLab also found that Russian private military companies used Telegram, primarily for fundraising, recruiting and information dissemination. It was also said that the mercenary group, Wagner, had at least 30 separate channels that were dedicated to regional recruitment offices. These, however, disappeared after the Russian telecommunications regulator, Roskomnadzor, cracked down on Wagner's channels during Wagner's June 2023 rebellion against Russia's top military leadership.
Calls for deletion of content on Telegram
Given its key role as a communication and propaganda tool, Russian bloggers, officials and others are watching carefully how the case against Durov develops in France.
Baza, a Telegram channel linked to Russia's security apparatus, said on August 25 that Defense Ministry staff, a prominent businessman and officials from several security agencies had also been ordered to delete work-related messages. theirs, from this app.
"From Z bloggers, Z propaganda, these events are really terrible because all their activities are now focused on Telegram, all channels are anonymous or semi-anonymous," explained Kirill Martynov, editor-in-chief of the Latvia-based Novaya Gazeta Europe newspaper. using the term "Z" to describe pro-Russian bloggers and disinformation.
"And it's not just a source of information, but a kind of operational tool, a modern 'walkie-talkie' where people discuss with each other the details of their combat operations," Martynov told Current Time, a television and digital network in Russian language, which is led by Radio Free Europe./ REL
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