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While Kosovo Police say that the current situation in the north of the country – two years after violence between local Serbs and KFOR members – is “calm but delicate” and that “much has changed for the better”, Serb residents of this area say that the situation has never been worse.
The people Radio Free Europe spoke to described their lives after May 2023 as completely different, calling that month a "turning point," when the closure of institutions that operated under Serbia's system in Kosovo began.
On 29 May 2023, a violent clash broke out in Zve?an between Serb protesters and troops from the NATO peacekeeping mission in Kosovo, KFOR. The protest was called against the entry of the Albanian mayor into the municipal building, after Serbs had boycotted local elections at the urging of the Serbian List – the main Kosovo Serb party that enjoys the support of Belgrade. As a result, Albanian mayors came to head the Serb-majority municipalities in the north – North Mitrovica, Leposavic, Zve?an and Zubin Potok.
The clashes in Zvecan left 93 KFOR soldiers stationed in front of the municipal building seriously and slightly injured. Meanwhile, around 50 Serbs were also injured, many of whom later fled to Serbia and are currently inaccessible to justice in Kosovo.
KFOR described the attack on its members as “unprovoked and completely unacceptable,” demanding that all participants in the violence be “urgently prosecuted.” The international mission also expressed hope that authorities in Serbia are also investigating people who returned there after the unrest.
Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty has requested information from the Basic Court in Pristina and the Prosecutor's Office on the number of people prosecuted so far and on any ongoing proceedings related to the attack on KFOR, but has not received a response. The High Public Prosecutor's Office in Belgrade also did not respond to this question.
What is publicly known in Kosovo is that more than ten people have been arrested in connection with the violence in Zvecan. Some have been sentenced to about a year in prison, after plea agreements with the prosecution. Since their time in custody has been counted, these people are now free, while others have been protected while at large.
On the other hand, it is still unknown whether the Serbian judiciary has opened or is conducting any investigation into the case of the attack on KFOR.
Kosovo Police: The security situation in the north is under control
The Deputy Director of the Kosovo Police for the northern region, Veton Elshani, in a statement to Radio Free Europe recalls that on May 29, 2023, a "small war" took place in Zveçan, as he describes it. But, according to him, today the situation is "completely different."
“Gjendja është ende delikate për shkak të aspektit politik, por është e qetë”, thotë Elshani. Ai thekson se Policia e Kosovës tani ka “kontroll të plotë” mbi sigurinë në veri dhe se nuk ka më “grupe të armatosura” që punojnë për destabilizim.
Më 29 maj 2023, në turmën e protestuesve serbë kishte edhe persona me maska, të cilët u përfshin në përleshje me ushtarët e KFOR-it duke përdorur shok-bomba, koktej molotovi dhe mjete të tjera të forta.
Këto trazira u shndërruan në pikënisjen e tensioneve të reja në veri të Kosovës, që kulmuan në shtator 2023 kur një grup i serbëve të armatosur sulmoi Policinë e Kosovës në fshatin Banjskë pranë Zveçanit. Në atë sulm u vra rreshteri i Policisë, Afrim Bunjaku, ndërsa gjatë shkëmbimit të zjarrit mbetën të vrarë edhe tre sulmues serbë.
“Nuk ka më grupe të armatosura në Kosovë. Sa i përket veriut të Kosovës, mund të themi se është e sigurt. Situata ka ndryshuar shumë”, thotë Elshani.
Ai shton se Policia e Kosovës është në kontakt të përhershëm me KFOR-in për çështjet që lidhen me veriun dhe se bashkërisht organizojnë patrullime ose shkëmbejnë informacione të rëndësishme.
Çfarë thonë qytetarët?
Jellena nga Mitrovica e Veriut thotë për Radion Evropa e Lirë se gjatë dy vjetëve të fundit është ndier “e vetmuar dhe e përjashtuar”.
“Sikur askujt nuk i intereson më për njerëzit”, thotë ajo.
Serbët në Kosovë nga buxheti i Serbisë marrin pensione, paga apo ndihma sociale, por që nga fillimi i vitit 2023, kur Banka Qendrore e Kosovës miratoi një rregullore që përcakton euron si të vetmen valutë të lejuar, këto pagesa janë të vështirësuar.
Ivani, gjithashtu nga veriu, thotë se jeta e serbëve është përkeqësuar ndjeshëm në dy vjetët e fundit.
“Gjërat kanë shkuar shumë larg, jeta është zbehur, nuk ka më komunikim me autoritetet lokale”, shprehet ai.
Sipas tij, situata është rënduar më tej nga mbyllja e institucioneve që ishin nën autoritetin e Qeverisë së Serbisë.
“Rrugët janë të zbrazëta”, thotë ai.
Kosova i konsideron institucionet, që punojnë sipas sistemit të Serbisë, si struktura paralele dhe të paligjshme. Procesi i mbylljes së tyre nisi zyrtarisht në fillim të vitit 2024, por një hap i madh drejt kësaj ishte marrja nën kontroll e ndërtesave komunale në maj 2023. Para këtij veprimi, komunat e Zveçanit, Leposaviqit dhe Zubin Potokut funksiononin në të njëjtat objekte me të ashtuquajturat organe të përkohshme komunale të Serbisë. Në disa raste, kryetarët e komunave ishin të njëjtit në të dy sistemet.
Bojana nga Mitrovica e Veriut thotë se dy vjetët e fundit kanë qenë “më të këqijat e jetës” së saj. Ajo përmend si probleme mbylljen e institucioneve serbe, shtimin e pranisë së Policisë së Kosovës dhe mungesën e besimit ndaj institucioneve të Prishtinës dhe vendimeve të tyre.
“Gjithçka ka shkuar tatëpjetë, nuk ka ndodhur asgjë e mirë”, thotë ajo.
Nga ana tjetër, shqiptarët që jetojnë në veri e përjetojnë situatën ndryshe. Për ta, gjendja e sigurisë “nuk ka qenë kurrë më e mirë”.
In addition, the process of returning displaced Albanians has also begun. One of them is Zahir Mehmeti, whom the Radio Free Europe team spoke with a few months ago. He said that he has returned to his home after 24 years, thanks to the help of the Kosovo authorities.
Mehmeti also emphasized good relations with Serb neighbors in North Mitrovica, where they constitute the majority.
"The situation in the north is always fragile"
Security expert from Pristina, Nuredin Ibishi, assesses that the current situation in northern Kosovo is calm, but remains fragile and that there is always a risk of escalation due to Serbia's influence.
Authorities in Kosovo believe that Serbia is behind the attack in Banjska and other tensions in the north, although this is categorically denied by official Belgrade.
In a statement to Radio Free Europe, Ibishi says that after the armed attack in Banjska, evidence has been found of the existence of a paramilitary formation led by Milan Radoi?i?, who, according to him, often moves near the border with Kosovo. Therefore, he adds, the risk of a possible escalation remains ever-present.
According to her, the decisions of Kosovo institutions during this period have negatively affected the life of the Serbian community. As an example, she cites the ban on the use of the dinar and the closure of institutions that operated according to the Serbian system.
"Everything became even more difficult – you have to go all the way to Raška [a city in Serbia] to withdraw the money. Everything is complicated, people don't trust anyone anymore, they feel betrayed," says Jellena.
Radoi?i?, former deputy leader of the Serbian List, has claimed responsibility for the September 2023 attack in Banjska. In Kosovo, he is also linked to criminal activities, corruption, war crimes, the murder of Serbian politician Oliver Ivanovi?, and the intimidation of witnesses in court proceedings.
"Northern Kosovo remains a potential hot spot. Escalation could occur. Currently the situation is under control – there are no public unrest, attacks on police or journalists, no explosions. The situation is better, but for a lasting stabilization, talks at the political level between Kosovo and Serbia are needed," says Ibishi.
Kosovo and Serbia are engaged in a dialogue process to normalize relations with the mediation of the European Union, but dialogue at the political level has been blocked since the attack in Banjska in September 2023./ REL
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