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Compensation of 100 lek per liter for a period of 6 months. This is the main request that public transport operators have requested for approval, through an "Emergency Anti-Crisis Package" submitted on April 1 to the ministries, to avoid a reduction in service at the national level of up to 30%.
Regarding the oil price compensation measure, Kostandin Foni, president of the National Association of Urban Transport, told "Monitor" that the scheme is feasible, as it is proposed to be similar to 2022.
According to the proposal, the compensation will be carried out for a period of 6 months and the fund is estimated at 300 million lek or about 3 million euros. It also guarantees that in addition to the documentation available from operators for fuel purchases and expenses, consumption is also calculated, as it has not changed with the period 2022.
"The scheme is fully applicable, as it is being requested to apply a direct financial compensation mechanism, based on real fuel supply invoices, tax declarations and the verified consumption level according to the licensed activity that has not changed with the consumption of 2022. It is also a previously proven scheme in times of crisis that has worked and reduced the costs of operators.
If in 2022 the state budget made available a fund worth 500 million lek, 60% of it or about 300 million euros was used for the 6-month compensation. The calculated expenses remain the same. So, a fund of 3 million euros is needed at the disposal of operators even for this crisis", said Mr. Foni.
In addition to compensation, as the main measure to reduce costs and avoid service reduction, transport associations also demand a review of the fiscal burden.
Including the abolition of sales tax and excise duty on oil purchased by the sector, as well as the reduction of VAT from 20% to 5%.
After two consecutive letters and a meeting, the two main transport associations, the National Association of Urban and Interurban Transport and the National Association of Citizen Transport, have submitted to the Ministry of Economy and Innovation and the Ministry of Infrastructure and Energy the approval of the package of 4 fiscal measures.
The operators are expected to receive a response to the submitted requests on Tuesday, where it was announced that a meeting will be held between them and the ministers.
Public transport anti-crisis package delivered to ministers Ibrahimaj and Karakaçi
In the context of the significant and continuous increase in fuel prices, which has created a deep imbalance between the real operating costs and the unchanged revenues of the sector, we present for discussion the following priority requests, based on legal precedents and the need to guarantee an essential public service:
1. Miratimi i një pakete antikrizë emergjente, në përputhje me precedentët ekzistues
Kërkohet ndërhyrje e menjëhershme përmes një pakete mbështetëse financiare, duke marrë si bazë ligjore dhe praktike VKM nr. 225, datë 13.04.2022 “Për përcaktimin e procedurave, të dokumentacionit dhe të masës së kompensimit për shoqëritë e linjave të transportit qytetas, rrethqytetas dhe ndërqytetas, pjesë e paketës antikrizë”, e cila është miratuar në kushte të ngjashme krize për kompensimin e kostove të karburantit për operatorët e transportit publik me 100 lekë/litër).
Ky vendim, i mbështetur në nenin 100 të Kushtetutës dhe në legjislacionin buxhetor (ligji për buxhetin e shtetit), ka sanksionuar parimin e ndërhyrjes së shtetit në situata të jashtëzakonshme për garantimin e vazhdimësisë së një shërbimi publik jetik.
Nga të dhënat e përgjithshme rezulton se paketa financiare e asaj periudhe ka qenë në vlerën rreth 500 milion lekë, nga e cila është përdorur rreth 55–60% e fondit, për një periudhë rreth 6 mujore.
Ky precedent provon qartë se ndërhyrja është e mundur dhe e justifikuar ligjërisht, efekti financiar është i përballueshëm për buxhetin e shtetit dhe mekanizmi i kompensimit është i zbatueshëm dhe i verifikueshëm përmes dokumentacionit tatimor dhe kontrollit administrativ. Në këto kushte, kërkohet riaktivizimi i një skeme të ngjashme, të përshtatur me nivelin aktual të çmimeve dhe kostove reale të sektorit.
2. Rishikimi i menjëhershëm i barrës fiskale, heqja e taksës së qarkullimit
Duke qenë se taksa e qarkullimit përbën një komponent të rëndësishëm në strukturën e çmimit të karburantit, kërkohet pezullimi ose përjashtimi i përkohshëm i saj për operatorët e transportit publik.
Kjo taksë është e përcaktuar në Ligjin nr. 9975, datë 28.07.2008 “Për taksat kombëtare”, i ndryshuar, në nivelin 27 lekë/litër, së bashku me taksën e karbonit prej 3 lekë/litër, dhe aplikohet në mënyrë të njëtrajtshme mbi benzinën dhe gazoilin.
Duke qenë një barrë fikse që përfshihet në çmimin final, ajo rëndon proporcionalisht më shumë në kushtet e rritjes së çmimeve të tregut. Në funksion të interesit publik dhe duke marrë në konsideratë natyrën e veçantë të transportit publik si shërbim social, pezullimi i kësaj takse për këtë sektor përbën një masë të justifikuar dhe të mbështetur në parimin e proporcionalitetit fiskal.
3. Heqja ose pezullimi i akcizës mbi karburantin për këtë sektor
Akciza mbi karburantin, e përcaktuar po në kuadër të Ligjit nr. 9975/2008 dhe legjislacionit fiskal përkatës, aplikohet në nivelin rreth 39.4 lekë/litër për naftën dhe përbën një nga komponentët kryesorë të çmimit final.
Si taksë indirekte me efekt të drejtpërdrejtë në koston e operimit, ajo rëndon ndjeshëm mbi operatorët e transportit publik, të cilët nuk kanë mundësi të transferojnë këtë kosto te konsumatori për shkak të tarifave të rregulluara.
Under these conditions, continuing to apply excise duty at the same level creates a significant disproportion between the fiscal burden and the economic capacity of the sector, violating the principle of justice and proportionality in taxation. Albanian legislation itself provides for exemptions for certain sectors (such as fishing), which reinforces the argument for differentiated treatment for public transport as well.
VAT regulated by Law No. 92/2014 “On Value Added Tax”, is applied at the standard rate of 20%, directly increasing the final price and limiting access to this essential service.
Given that public transport fulfills a social and economic function, and taking into consideration the practices of countries in the region where this rate ranges from 0% to 5%, the complete abolition or reduction of VAT is required.
In case the above fiscal measures are not feasible in the immediate term, a direct financial compensation mechanism is required to be applied, based on actual fuel supply invoices, tax declarations and the verified consumption level according to the licensed activity.
This mechanism, previously foreseen and tested by Council of Ministers Decision No. 225/2022, guarantees transparency, administrative control and fair distribution of public funds, avoiding abuses and directly targeting the real need of the sector.
These requirements do not constitute a privilege for the sector, but a necessity to guarantee the continuity of an essential public service, in accordance with the constitutional principles of proportionality, equality in taxation and protection of the public interest.
Failure to intervene at this stage would lead to direct consequences for citizens, through reduced services and increased social costs, making intervention not only justified, but mandatory in the interest of economic and social stability. /Monitor
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