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Water, mud, rubble and destruction. Reconstruction and renewal in southern Germany will cost billions. Who pays the damages?
Flooded roads, landslides, evacuated houses flooded: in a few days, so much rain fell in southern Germany that rivers burst their banks and flooded many regions, while dams burst. Where the water drains, the damage becomes apparent. Buildings, cars, furniture, household items - the water has turned almost everything into mud and destroyed it.
This is not the first extreme weather damage this year. In 2024, there have already been heavy rains, hailstorms and major damage. Regions in western Germany along the Rhine, north to the Elbe and south to the edge of the Alps were particularly affected.
Floods in 2021: more than 30 billion euros of damage
Climate change means extreme weather is becoming more common. Damage repair costs a lot of money. This is particularly evident today in the Ahr Valley, which was hit by devastating floods in the summer of 2021, as a result of which 135 people lost their lives.
According to federal government estimates, the material damage there amounts to more than 30 billion euros. Only part of this damage was covered by insurance. The General Association of Insurers (GdV) talks about 8.5 billion euros. In 2021 there was the highest volume of claims for natural hazards in the history of German insurance.
Necessary insurances in Germany
Germany is a country where many risks are insured. Some insurances are mandatory, including health care insurance and auto insurance. Certain professional groups must also be insured in case they cause damage. Anyone who owns a dog must take out liability insurance for the animal.
However, other risks are not necessarily covered. This also includes damage that may occur to buildings. But even if a homeowner carries building insurance, not everything is covered in the event of damage. Usually only damage caused by storms or hail is covered, but not floods or landslides.
Flood damage and insurance gaps
For this you need to make an additional insurance. But insurance costs can be very high - depending on where the building is located. According to the GdV, half of all private homes in Germany are not insured against flood damage.
If you don't have insurance, you will be left empty-handed in the event of an injury and you will be left alone with the ruins of your existence. Although the state intervenes with emergency aid after severe floods, this can only partially cover the damage. Especially since the federal government, states and municipalities must first ensure that the infrastructure, meaning roads, bridges and supply lines, is rebuilt.
Kërkohet sigurim i detyrueshëm për rreziqet natyrore
Pas katastrofës së Ahrtalit, qeveria federale krijoi një fond special "Ndihma për Rindërtim 2021". Për këtë qëllim ishin planifikuar hua mbi 30 miliardë euro. Landet e prekura i marrin paratë me kusht që të sigurojnë edhe fonde. Megjithatë, buxhetet publike të landeve janë vazhdimisht të ngarkuara dhe krerët e qeverive nuk janë gjithnjë të gatshëm të ndërhyjnë në rast emergjence.
Fatkeqësitë natyrore mund të prekin këdo, tha kryeministri i Saksonisë së Ulët Stefan Weil (SPD) qysh në vitin 2022. Por nuk është e drejtë të mblidhen vazhdimisht "fonde të mëdha speciale nga buxhetet publike" në raste të tilla. Në vend të kësaj, duhet të ketë sigurim të detyrueshëm për rreziqet natyrore për të gjitha ndërtesat. Kjo i pengon disa që të mos dëshirojnë të marrin sigurim dhe të tjerët të mos marrin një kontratë nga ofruesit sepse rreziku është shumë i lartë.
Debat politik për sigurimin e detyrueshëm të ndërtesave
Por FDP, e cila qeveris në aleancë me SPD dhe të Gjelbërit, e kundërshton këtë. Ministri i Drejtësisë Marco Buschmann (FDP) tha në fund të vitit 2022: "Në një kohë stresi ekstrem financiar mbi familjet private, ne duhet të qëndrojmë larg çdo gjëje që i bën strehimin dhe jetesën në Gjermani edhe më të shtrenjta". Buschmann iu referua landeve të cilat, sipas ligjit themelor, kanë kompetencë legjislative nëse qeveria federale nuk bën ndonjë rregullore.
Kjo është pikërisht ajo që landet duan të bëjnë tani. Në konferencën e ardhshme të kryeministrave duhet të vendoset sigurimi i detyrueshëm, bëri të ditur kryeministribavarezMarkus Söder në kanalin BR2. Vullnetarizmi është zakonisht gjithmonë më i mirë, por "nuk mund të kompensojmë gjithmonë këto dëme me buxhetin e shtetit”. Shqetësohuni për kuotat e larta të sigurimit
Industria e sigurimeve nuk është aspak e lumtur për këtë. Thuhet se sigurimi i detyrueshëm mund të funksionojë vetëm nëse shteti vepron si një lloj risiguruesi, pra nëse ndërhyn dhe mbulon kostot në rast të një ngjarjeje të madhe humbjeje që tejkalon burimet financiare të shoqërive të sigurimit.
Partia e Majtë, nga ana tjetër, është e shqetësuar për përballueshmërinë e kostove të sigurimit. Sigurimi solidar me kontribute të përballueshme është i domosdoshëm, për të cilin shteti duhet të paguajë subvencione. Për ta bërë këtë, frena e borxhit e ankoruar në Kushtetutë duhet të pezullohet.
Kancelari Scholz premton ndihmë
Gjatë një vizite në Bavari, kancelari Olaf Scholz (SPD) premtoi ndihmë financiare nga qeveria federale për zonat e prekura aktualisht nga përmbytjet. "Ne sigurisht do të vazhdojmë të avancojmë praktikën e solidaritetit që kemi në Gjermani”.
Given the fact that he has traveled to a flooded area for the fourth time this year, it should be clear that these are not just isolated incidents. Therefore politicians must act. "So we cannot neglect the task of stopping human-caused climate change."/ DW
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