Peru closes more than half of its Pacific ports
Peru has closed 65 of its 125 Pacific ports due to a tsuna...

It has been one of the strongest earthquakes ever recorded - but so far it has not brought the catastrophic tsunami that many feared.
When the 8.8-magnitude earthquake struck eastern Russia at 11:25 a.m. local time on Wednesday (00:25 BST), it raised concerns for coastal populations across the Pacific.
Millions of people were evacuated, as minds turned to the devastating Boxing Day 2004 tsunami in the Indian Ocean and the 2011 Japan tsunami, both caused by equally large earthquakes.
But today's tsunami was much less severe, although it did cause some damage.
So what caused the earthquake and tsunami - and why wasn't it as bad as initially feared?
What causes a mega-earthquake?
The Kamchatka Peninsula is remote, but it lies on the "Pacific Ring of Fire" - so named because of the high number of earthquakes and volcanoes that occur here.
The upper layers of the Earth are divided into sections - tectonic plates - which all move in relation to each other.
The "Pacific Ring of Fire" is an arc of these plates that stretches around the Pacific. Eighty percent of the world's earthquakes occur along the ring, according to the British Geological Survey.
Just off the coast of the Peninsula, the Pacific Plate is moving northwest at about 8cm per year - only about twice the speed of fingernail growth, but fast by tectonic standards.
There it comes into contact with another, smaller plate - called the Okhotsk microplate.
The Pacific plate is oceanic, meaning it has dense rocks and wants to sink under the less dense microplate.
As the Pacific Plate sinks towards the center of the Earth, it heats up and begins to melt, effectively disappearing.
But this process is not always smooth. Often the plates can get stuck as they move past each other, and the dominant plate is dragged underneath.
This friction can build up over thousands of years, but then suddenly be released in just a few minutes.
This is known as a megathrust earthquake.
"When we usually think of earthquakes, we imagine an epicentre as a small dot on a map. However, for such large earthquakes, the rupture will have ruptured across hundreds of kilometres. It is this huge amount of slip and the area of rupture that generates such a large earthquake," explained Dr. Stephen Hicks, lecturer in environmental seismology at University College London.
The largest earthquakes recorded in history, including the three most powerful in Chile, Alaska, and Sumatra, were all megathrust earthquakes.
And the Kamchatka Peninsula is prone to strong earthquakes.
Në fakt, një tjetër tërmet me magnitudë 9.0 goditi më pak se 30 km (19 milje) nga tërmeti i sotëm në vitin 1952, thotë Shërbimi Gjeologjik i SHBA-së.
Pse kjo nuk ishte aq e keqe sa tsunamet e mëparshme?
Kjo lëvizje e papritur mund të zhvendosë ujin mbi pllaka, i cili më pas mund të udhëtojë drejt vijës bregdetare si cunami.
Në oqeanin e thellë, cunami mund të udhëtojë me më shumë se 800 km/orë, pothuajse aq shpejt sa një aeroplan pasagjerësh.
Këtu, distanca midis valëve është shumë e madhe dhe valët nuk janë shumë të larta - rrallë më shumë se një metër.
Por, ndërsa një cunami hyn në ujëra të cekëta pranë tokës, ai ngadalësohet, shpesh në rreth 20-30 mph.
Distanca midis valëve shkurtohet dhe valët rriten në lartësi, gjë që mund të krijojë në mënyrë efektive një mur uji pranë bregdetit.
Por nuk është aspak e garantuar që një tërmet shumë i fortë do të çojë në një cunami veçanërisht të lartë që do të arrijë shumë thellë në brendësi të vendit.
Tërmeti i sotëm solli valë cunami prej 4 metrash (13 këmbësh) në disa pjesë të Rusisë lindore, sipas autoriteteve atje.
Por ato nuk i afrohen valëve dhjetëra metra të larta të Ditës së Boksit 2004 në Oqeanin Indian dhe të Japonisë 2011.
“Lartësia e valës së cunamit ndikohet gjithashtu nga format lokale të shtratit të detit pranë bregdetit dhe [forma] e tokës ku mbërrin”, tha Prof. Lisa McNeill, profesoreshë e tektonikës në Universitetin e Southampton.
"Këta faktorë, së bashku me sa i populluar është bregdeti, ndikojnë në seriozitetin e ndikimit", shtoi ajo.
Raportet fillestare nga Shërbimi Gjeologjik i SHBA-së thanë se tërmeti ishte epiqendruar në një thellësi mjaft të ngushtë, rreth 20.7 km (12.9 milje) nën sipërfaqen e Tokës.
Kjo mund të çojë në zhvendosje më të madhe të shtratit të detit, dhe për këtë arsye një valë cunami më të madhe, por është e vështirë të thuhet me siguri kaq shpejt pas ngjarjes.
"Një mundësi është që modelet e cunamit ndoshta kanë marrë një vlerësim konservator për thellësinë e tërmetit. Potencialisht, ju mund ta zhvendosni atë tërmet edhe 20 kilometra më thellë, dhe kjo në fakt do ta zvogëlonte amplitudën e valëve të cunamit mjaft ndjeshëm", tha Dr. Hicks për BBC News.
Sisteme më të mira paralajmëruese të hershme
Një element tjetër i rëndësishëm është zhvillimi i sistemeve të paralajmërimit të hershëm.
Për shkak të incidencës së lartë të tërmeteve në rajonin e Paqësorit, shumë vende kanë qendra për cunami. Ato dërgojnë paralajmërime përmes njoftimeve publike për popullsinë që të evakuohet.
Një sistem i tillë nuk ishte në vend kur ndodhi cunami i Ditës së Boksit të vitit 2004, duke lënë shumë njerëz pa kohë për t'u evakuuar.
Më shumë se 230,000 njerëz vdiqën në 14 vende në Oqeanin Indian.
Sistemet e paralajmërimit të hershëm janë të rëndësishme për shkak të aftësisë së kufizuar të shkencëtarëve për të parashikuar se kur do të ndodhë një tërmet.
The US Geological Survey recorded a magnitude 7.4 earthquake in the same region ten days ago.
This may have been a warning - an early release of energy - but it is not a predictor of the exact timing of a future earthquake, explained Prof McNeill.
"Although we can use plate motion speed, GPS to measure current movements, and when previous earthquakes have occurred, we can only use this information to make predictions of the probability of an earthquake," she said.
The Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences (GS RAS) will continue to monitor the region, as it predicts that aftershocks could continue over the next month./ CNA, translated by BBC
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