Israel launched "three major waves of attacks" in the last 24 hours
The IDF says Israel has launched "three major waves of att...

The conflict between Israel and Iran carries many unknowns: whether Israeli airstrikes on Iranian nuclear facilities could cause the release of radiological materials; whether the Israeli offensive could turn into a campaign for regime change; and whether the United States could become directly involved in war with Iran.
But, rumors in the media have focused particularly on one possible scenario.
Key parts of Iran's nuclear complex are built underground, and reports have focused on one particularly fortified target - the uranium enrichment plant in Fordow, in Qom province, about 150 kilometers south of Tehran.
The Fordow facility is built deep inside a mountain, in a complex of tunnels built for Iran's Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC). Its existence was revealed in 2009, through a joint statement by US President Barack Obama, French President Nicolas Sarkozy and British Prime Minister Gordon Brown.
"Iran has the right to develop peaceful nuclear energy that meets the energy needs of its people," Obama said at the time. "But the size and configuration of this facility are not consistent with a peaceful program."
Tehran subsequently acknowledged the existence of the facility, which would eventually be included in the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), which limited Iran's nuclear program.
US President Donald Trump withdrew from the deal during his first term as part of a so-called "maximum pressure" campaign on Tehran; Iran responded by accelerating its nuclear program.
The state of affairs today? According to the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the Fordov plant is producing uranium enriched to a level of 60 percent — a major step towards weapons-grade material, suitable for making a bomb.
“The status of Fordow now or after any further attack will be crucial to Iran’s nuclear future, as it is believed to be the facility where enrichment can be increased from 60 to 90 percent to weapons-grade uranium,” wrote Heather Williams, director of the Nuclear Issues Project and senior fellow in the Defense and Security Department at the Center for Strategic and International Studies in Washington, in a commentary following the start of the Israeli attacks on Iran.
"Another concern is that Fordow could be one of the places where Iran has stockpiled 60 percent enriched uranium, or where this stockpile could be moved," Williams added.
Çfarë është “Bunker Buster” dhe a do të funksiononte kundër Fordovit?
IAEA-ja vlerëson tani se një sulm izraelit ka arritur të godasë një impiant nëntokësor të pasurimit në Natanz. Nuk dihet saktësisht se çfarë lloj municionesh janë përdorur në atë sulm, por ushtria izraelite zotëron bomba të afta të depërtojnë në nëntokë para se të shpërthejnë.
Një analizë me burime të hapura nga New York Times, bazuar në pamjet e avionëve të përdorur në sulmin që vrau vitin e kaluar liderin e Hezbollahut, Hassan Nasrallah, arriti në përfundimin se ata bartnin bomba amerikane 900-kilogramëshe të pajisura me kite udhëzuese JDAM (Joint Direct Attack Munition), që drejtojnë bombën në mënyrë precize drejt shënjestrës.
Këto bomba — të njohura si “bunker busters” — rrëzuan disa ndërtesa shumëkatëshe. Por, objekti në Fordov përbën synim shumë më të vështirë, pasi ndodhet thellë nën tokë.
Kjo ka nxitur një valë raportimesh spekulative në media rreth një arme që nuk është në dispozicion të izraelitëve: GBU-57 A/B Massive Ordnance Penetrator (MOP), një bombë në arsenalin e ushtrisë amerikane.
Sipas një artikulli të publikuar më 2007 nga Agjencia për Reduktimin e Kërcënimeve të Mbrojtjes (Defense Threat Reduction Agency), agjenci e Departamentit të Mbrojtjes së SHBA-së që financoi zhvillimin e kësaj bombe, MOP me peshë 13.600 kilogramë është “projektuar për të shkatërruar objektiva të fortifikuar dhe të groposur thellë, si bunkerët dhe komplekset e tunelit”.
Një raport nga Zyra e Drejtorit për Testim dhe Vlerësim Operacional në Departamentin amerikan të Mbrojtjes thotë se bombarduesi i padukshëm B-2 Spirit është i vetmi avion që mund të përdorë bombën MOP (Massive Ordnance Penetrator).
Nëse MOP mund të përdorej kundër Fordovit — dhe nëse do të ishte në gjendje ta nxirrte jashtë funksionit këtë objekt — mbetet ende një çështje hipotetike.
Retorika e Trumpit ndaj Iranit është ashpërsuar ditët e fundit, por ende nuk është e qartë nëse SHBA-ja do të ndërhyjë drejtpërdrejt në një fushatë bombardimi kundër Iranit dhe do të dërgojë B-2-sha për të goditur Fordovin.
Ndërkohë, diskutimet për kapacitetin teknik të armëve anashkalojnë një aspekt kyç të çdo debati për armatimin: fuqinë e tyre shkatërruese.
Për shembull, ushtria izraelite tashmë është përballur me kritika ndërkombëtare për përdorimin e bombave 900-kilogramëshe dhe municioneve të tjera në Gazë.
Avokatët për të drejtat e njeriut thonë se përdorimi i armatimit kaq të rëndë në zona të dendura urbane është i paqartë në objektiv dhe joproporcional. Zyra e Kombeve të Bashkuara për të Drejtat e Njeriut publikoi vitin e kaluar një raport për gjashtë sulme të Forcave të Mbrojtjes së Izraelit në Gazë që shkaktuan mbi 200 viktima civile.
Fordov nuk ndodhet në një zonë të populluar dendur, dhe krahasimet mes konflikteve nuk janë kurrë të sakta. Por, disa vëzhgues kanë vënë në pikëpyetje gjithashtu nëse një sulm i suksesshëm ndaj objektit do të vononte me të vërtetë programin bërthamor të Iranit.
"The deep-seated enrichment plant at Fordow was not hit on the first night of the attack," wrote Mark Fitzpatrick of the International Institute for Strategic Studies in an online analysis.
"However, it could be targeted in the operation that Netanyahu announced in a televised speech the same day. It is not known whether Israel has managed to destroy the 604 kilograms of 60 percent enriched uranium, U-235, that Iran has produced so far."
This amount is enough for ten or more nuclear weapons, if further enriched to the 90 percent level, which is considered weapons-grade. This stockpile can be easily transported and was likely the first thing to be hidden once Israel's bombing plans became clear."
In other words, "bunker busters" may get headlines, but high-profile attacks may not yield the expected results./ REL
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