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The Kosovo company "Relux", which produces paints and facades, is experiencing immediate consequences from the blockade of border points between several countries in the region and the EU: its products to the UK have not been able to depart as planned.
The company's director, Ramiz Gashi, tells Radio Free Europe that he is a regular exporter and, according to the agreement, the products should arrive at their destination within this week. Otherwise, the contract risks being violated, renegotiated or failing altogether.
"We could lose this buyer, which is potentially the most important one we have ," Gashi tells Radio Free Europe.
He warns that delays could also damage contracts with other partners - in Germany and Croatia - thus jeopardizing investments made with bank loans that must be repaid within certain deadlines.
Transporters from Serbia, North Macedonia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro have been blocking several border crossings since midday on January 26, halting the flow of goods into the European Union's Schengen zone. Their protest is against the EU's new entry-exit control system, known as the EES.
This system provides that non-Schengen citizens can stay in this area for a maximum of 90 days within 180 days, but, according to protesting carriers, this period is not enough - especially for those traveling to more distant countries - and therefore causes economic losses and the risk of deportation.
They demand that transport companies be exempted from this rule and warn that the blockade will last seven days if a solution is not found within this period.
Kosovo does not participate in the protest, but feels its consequences, as most of its imports and exports are carried out through transit through these countries.
Moreover, Kosovar drivers are also affected by the EES system. The case of the company "Kalaja Epox" in Shtime shows the consequences of the blockade on imports as well.
Ruzhdi Rexhaj from this company says that the order of epoxy resins from an Austrian company, already paid for and shipped, may be delayed or fail.
"What should we tell customers? We have already told them that the ordered goods will be loaded on January 27 and will arrive by the end of the week. Now, we don't know when it will arrive here, while we also have projects that we have started, hoping for this material," Rexhaj tells Radio Free Europe.
According to him, any delay also damages the company's reputation and can result in fines according to contracts.
Risk to contracts and prices
Për të adresuar situatën, Dhoma e Tregtisë dhe Industrisë e Kosovës iu drejtua me një letër presidentes së Komisionit Evropian, Ursula von der Leyen, duke paralajmëruar se protesta njëjavore mund të shkaktojë pasoja të mëtejshme për kompanitë kosovare - përfshirë rrezikimin e kontratave me partnerët evropianë.
Drejtori i kësaj ode, Kushtrim Ahmeti, thotë për Radion Evropa e Lirë se, sa më gjatë të zgjasë bllokada, aq më i madh është dëmi për kompanitë.
Ai paralajmëron se vonesat dhe pengesat në transit nuk godasin vetëm bizneset që eksportojnë dhe importojnë, por mund të pasqyrohen edhe te konsumatorët.
“... mund të ketë ndikim edhe në çmimet e produkteve në Kosovë, sepse rritet kërkesa për to”, shton Ahmeti.
Sipas tij, importi enorm i mallrave nënkupton edhe importimin e krizave.
“Çfarëdo që ndodh në vendet prej ku importon, automatikisht ka ndikim. Kjo është jashtëzakonisht problematike”, thotë ai.
Kosova është importuese e gati të gjitha produkteve - nga ushqimi deri te materiali ndërtimor e tekstili.
Sipas të dhënave të Doganës, importet e vitit të kaluar kapën vlerën e mbi 7 miliardë eurove, ndërsa eksportet ishin rreth 942 milionë euro - një bilanc që e bën vendin të ndjeshëm ndaj çdo pengese në transit.
Nisur nga kjo, edhe njohësi i çështjeve ekonomike, Berim Ramosaj, profesor në Universitetin e Prishtinës, thotë se bllokada në kufij krijon presion të drejtpërdrejtë në tregun vendor.
“Reflekton keq në ekonomi, e reflekton edhe te konsumatorët, sepse ka gjasa të rriten çmimet”, thotë ai për Radion Evropa e Lirë.
Importimi i krizave
Me varësinë e madhe nga importi, Kosova ka përjetuar edhe më herët pasojat e krizave të jashtme.
Një nga shembujt më të theksuar ishte viti 2022, kur inflacioni arriti në rreth 14 për qind, si pasojë e çrregullimeve në zinxhirin global të furnizimeve - fillimisht nga pandemia COVID-19 dhe më pas nga lufta në Ukrainë.
Në vitet që pasuan, inflacioni shënoi trend rënieje, por gjatë vitit të kaluar u rikthye sërish në rritje, duke reflektuar presionet e vazhdueshme në treg.
Sipas të dhënave të Agjencisë së Statistikave të Kosovës, çmimet e prodhimit në vend, në periudhën janar-shtator 2025, krahasuar me të njëjtën periudhë të vitit 2024, u rritën për 5.5 për qind.
Mes varësisë nga importi dhe mungesës së mekanizmave mbrojtës
Ekspertët e ekonomisë vlerësojnë se asnjë vend - përfshirë edhe Kosovën - nuk mund të shmangë plotësisht importin e produkteve të caktuara.
Megjithatë, sipas tyre, niveli i lartë i varësisë nga importi e bën vendin veçanërisht të ndjeshëm ndaj krizave të jashtme.
Ramosaj thotë se Kosova, si vend i vogël me bilanc të dobët tregtar dhe me nivel të ulët të integrimit evropian, do të vazhdojë të jetë më shumë konsumuese e krizave sesa faktor që i prodhon ato.
"We are such a small country that we are not able to export crises, but always pick up the bills of others. This is the nature of our position - whether in terms of economic development, politics or the relations we have with European Union countries ," says Ramosaj.
According to him, this reality should serve as a signal for the country's institutions to intensify efforts towards European integration and the creation of more sustainable economic policies.
He emphasizes that to mitigate the impact of imported crises, well-planned mechanisms are needed that do not harm the free market economy.
He also mentions that many countries have found ways to protect local production, investors and consumers, whether through customs, tariff measures or subsidies.
"We still don't have these policies well regulated," he says.
Along the same lines, Kushtrim Ahmeti, from the Kosovo Chamber of Commerce and Industry, emphasizes that the Government should consider concrete measures to protect consumers and local producers.
According to him, one of the options could be the temporary suspension of Value Added Tax (VAT) for essential and daily consumption products.
He emphasizes that institutions should also stimulate the local production of these products.
"Domestic demand for essential products, which are necessary for every citizen, should be covered at least 50 percent by local production ," he says, adding that producers need a clear support strategy, through grants for technology, investment and protection of their products in the market.
Radio Free Europe contacted the acting Government of Kosovo about the issue of border closures on January 26, but did not receive a response.
In some cases, it has allocated subsidies to producers, but they have failed to generate significant growth in domestic production.
The EU announced that it is working on facilitations that would allow truck drivers and some other professionals longer stays in the Schengen Area.
The citizens of Kosovo would also directly benefit from such a decision.
"...because companies are forced to hire new drivers every three months," Lulzim Rafuna, president of the Kosovo Chamber of Commerce, told Radio Free Europe. /REL
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