Historical calendar/What happened on September 23

2023-09-23 10:06:00, Blog CNA

1939 - The "father" of psychoanalysis, Sigmund Freud, passed away

Sigmund Freud, born in Frejberg, Moravia, once part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, today Pribor of the Czech Republic, died on September 23, 1939 in London, England. His theory of psychoanalysis was simultaneously a theory of the human psyche, a therapy for alleviating its illnesses, as well as a lens for the interpretation of culture and society.

He graduated from the University of Vienna in Austria, and in 1882 began work at the Vienna General Hospital as an assistant to the renowned psychiatrist Teodor Mejnert. At the end of 1885 Freud left Vienna to continue his studies in neuropathology at the Salpetrier Clinic in Paris, where he worked under Jean-Martin Sharkot.

The 19 weeks spent in the French capital proved to be a turning point in his career. Working with patients classified as "hysterics" introduced Freud to the possibility that psychological disorders have their source in the mind and not the brain, that is, in the spiritual and not the physical part.

Historical calendar/What happened on September 23

A few months after his return to Vienna, Freud married Martha Bernais, the daughter of a prominent Jewish family. She would give birth to 6 children, one of whom, Anna Freud, would become a prominent psychoanalyst herself. Unlike Sharko, Freud concluded, based on his clinical experience with hysterical women, that the source of the disease was sexual in nature.

He generally associated neurotic symptoms with a struggle between a sexual feeling or urge and the psychic defenses against it. Combining evidence from personal dreams with evidence from those recounted in his clinical practice, Freud claimed that they played a fundamental role in the human psychic state.

The energy of the mind, which Freud called libido and identified primarily, but not exclusively, with sexual desire, was a force capable of excessive and disturbing power. Needing to discharge to ensure pleasure and prevent pain, she sought any outlet she could find.

Historical calendar/What happened on September 23

If the pleasure afforded by direct motor action is denied, libidinal energy may seek its release through mental channels. And all dreams, Freud asserted, even nightmares that exhibit obvious anxiety, are the fulfillment of such wishes.

Other important events:

1930 - The famous American singer Ray Charles, an icon of blues and jazz music, was born.

1943 - Benito Mussolini re-establishes the Fascist regime in a part of northern Italy, in an area controlled by Germany, in Garnanjo near Lake Garda.

1973 - Chilean Nobel Prize-winning writer Pablo Neruda dies. He is known as one of the greatest poets of the 20th century.

1954 - East German police arrest 400 citizens suspected of being American spies.

1992 – The Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonates a 1.3 ton bomb, completely destroying Northern Ireland's forensic laboratory. Fortunately, only 20 people were injured in the explosion, while over 700 homes were damaged./ Adapted from CNA