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Esophageal cancer tends to be labeled now as a "silent killer", the incidence of which appears to be increasing, especially in middle-aged people, as new data from the United States has revealed.
Symptoms of esophageal cancer often go unnoticed until the cancer is already very advanced. That is why this particular type of cancer is considered one of the most "insidious".
Indicatively, the latest studies found that the rate of this cancer almost doubled in people aged 45 to 64, while the prevalence of Barrett's esophagus, a precancerous condition, increased by about 50% in the same age group between 2012 and 2019.
The exact reason for the increase in esophageal cancer in young people is not fully understood. However, increasing rates of obesity, unhealthy diet and chronic heartburn or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are possible factors, explains study author, University of Florida Professor of Medicine and Chief of Endoscopy, Dr. Bashar Kumseya.
Chronic heartburn leads to Barrett's esophagus, which, in turn, causes abnormal changes in the cells of the esophagus.
It is noted that the increase in the rate of esophageal cancer in young people reflects the same trend as in the case of colon cancer.
"With colon cancer, we used to recommend screening at age 50, and then we saw compelling evidence that rates were increasing in younger people, so some groups are now calling for screening at age 45," Qumseya said.
There are no screening guidelines for esophageal cancer yet, but Qumseya suggested that "maybe it's time to follow the same logic, especially if a person is dealing with other risk factors," such as alcohol use and smoking.
"Nëse keni refluks ose faktorë të tjerë rreziku për kancerin e ezofagut, merrni parasysh të bëni një endoskopi depistuese kur keni një kolonoskopi për të kontrolluar kancerin e zorrës së trashë", këshilloi Qumseya, duke siguruar që të dy testet mund të bëhen në të njëjtën kohë.
Për studimin, studiuesit përdorën të dhënat elektronike të shëndetit të rreth 5 milionë njerëzve në Florida, duke kërkuar shkallën e kancerit të ezofagut dhe ezofagut Barrett te njerëzit në tre grupmosha:
18 deri në 44,
45 deri në 64 dhe
mbi 65 vjeç.
Studiuesit zbuluan se normat e kancerit ishin më të larta në grupmoshën më të vjetër dhe ata arritën në përfundimin se rritja e shkallës së kancerit të ezofagut tek njerëzit e moshës së mesme nuk ishte për shkak të shqyrtimit më agresiv, pasi, gjatë periudhës së studimit, nuk kishte rritje në përqindja e endoskopive.
Në të ardhmen, Qumseya dhe kolegët e tij planifikojnë të rishqyrtojnë të dhënat, me qëllim të dallimit midis dy llojeve të kancerit të ezofagut: adenokarcinoma e ezofagut dhe karcinoma e qelizave skuamoze.
Sipas Dr. Devika Rao , MD, një onkologe mjekësore në Qendrën e Kancerit Memorial Sloan Kettering në Nju Xhersi, tha se ky studim i ardhshëm është kyç për kërkimin, pasi secili lloj ka shkaqe dhe rreziqe të ndryshme potenciale për t'u marrë parasysh.
“Kanceri i qelizave skuamoze është më i përhapur në Evropën Lindore dhe Azi dhe shkaktohet kryesisht nga pirja e duhanit dhe ekspozimi ndaj tij”, tha Rao. Në të kundërt, obeziteti dhe dieta janë dy faktorët më të lidhur me adenokarcinomën e ezofagut.
"Population studies like these are important for raising awareness in both the general public and medical communities," she added.
In addition, he emphasized: "It is worrying that cancers that were once considered a disease of the elderly are evolving into a factor that is directly influenced by lifestyle and is 'hitting' more and more young people"./ CNA
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