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The European Broadcasting Union (EBU), which organizes the competition, has always reiterated that the festival is only a cultural event with no place for politics. Its rules clearly state that political statements or even slogans are not allowed in the competition.
This rule may be particularly difficult to enforce this year. Following the October 2023 Hamas terrorist attacks and the ongoing Israel-Hamas war, Israel has been criticized for the effects of its military campaign on the civilian population in Gaza.
Israel has participated in Eurovision a total of 51 times, so it is not the first time that the Middle East conflict has been put in the spotlight at this event.
In 1973, the singer Ilanit was the first artist from Israel to perform under strict security measures. A year earlier, Palestinian terrorists had killed 11 Israeli athletes at the Olympic complex in Munich. Ilan wore a protective vest, the audience had to remain seated during her performance, and photographers had to shoot up to the ceiling to prove their cameras weren't concealed firearms.
How Israel changed the title of the song for 2024
This year's Israeli candidate, 20-year-old Eden Golan, will also perform under special protection. Earlier in the year, several participating countries had asked the organizers to exclude Israel from the competition while the war continued.
And it almost did, but not in direct response to calls for a boycott. According to organizers, the original title of the Israeli song, "October Rain," reminded many of the October 7 attacks. The title was changed and Golani accepted. However, the protests have not stopped.
"Eurovision considers the strong feelings and opinions that the European Song Festival has evoked this year, as we face the terrible war in the Middle East," the organizers said in a statement, adding that their role is solely responsible for accepting Israel, not about the artist or the content of the song. Golan is traveling to Malmo, Sweden "to share her music, her culture and the universal message of unity through the language of music."
But Eurovision has never been apolitical
The first song festival took place in Lugano, Switzerland in 1956. At that time, it was still called "Grand Premio Eurovisione Della Canzone Europea" or "Grand Prix" for short in French. The purpose of the festival was international understanding, the unification of enemy countries of World War II in a friendly competition.
Seven countries participated, including Germany
Festivali u rrit nga viti në vit dhe në 1968 kompeticioni pati 17 pjesëmarrës. Atë vit, kishte një mospajtim të qartë, të motivuar politikisht: kandidati spanjoll donte të këndonte në gjuhë katalanisht, gjuhë kjo e shtypur nga regjimi fashist i Francisco Frankos. Një tjetër këngëtar u dërgua në vend të kësaj për të performuar një version spanjoll-anglisht të këngës, të titulluar "La La La".
Pas ndarjes së Qipros në vitin 1974, Greqia dhe Turqia u bënë armiq. Në vitin 1975, Greqia e bojkotoi Eurovizionin. Turqia bëri të njëjtën gjë në vitin 1976, por megjithatë e transmetoi shfaqjen në televizion. Kur i erdhi rradha Greqisë, shfaqja u ndërpre dhe në vend të saj u transmetua një këngë nacionaliste turke.
Fitorja e Izraelit u hoq nga transmetimi i Jordanisë
Kur u bë e qartë se Izhar Cohen i Izraelit do ta fitonte festivalin e vitit 1978 në Paris, vendi fqinj i Izraelit, Jordania, e mbylli transmetimin.
Në kulmin e Luftës së Ftohtë në Evropë, këngëtarja e re gjermane Nicole doli në skenë me një kitarë të bardhë, këndoi një mesazh paqeje dhe fitoi konkursin në vitin 1982. Atëherë u ngrit pyetja: a lejohet politika në Eurovizion nëse mesazhi është pozitiv?
Fakti që edhe shoqata e transmetueseve të BE-së nuk ka arritur të qëndrojë gjithmonë apolitike u dëshmua nga përjashtimi i Gjeorgjisë në vitin 2009. Arsyeja: një lojë fjalësh anti-ruse në titullin e këngës "We Don't Wanna Put In".
Bjellorusia u përjashtua në vitin 2021 për shkak të mbështetjes së saj të dukshme për presidentin Alexander Lukashenko, i cili ka qenë subjekt i sanksioneve për shkelje të të drejtave të njeriut.
Përjashtimi i Rusisë nga Festivali i Këngës Europiane në 2022 ishte një reagim ndaj agresionit rus kundër Ukrainës.
Aleancat Politike midis Jurive Kombëtare
Që nga fillimi, juritë kombëtareshpesh nuk e kanë fshehur simpatinë apo mungesën e saj për shtetet pjesëmarrës, ndonëse kjo nuk kishte të bënte me cilësinë e këngës.
Sigurisht që nuk kishte të bënte me muzikën kur juria kombëtare ruse iu përgjigj performancës së Conchita-s me zero pikë në vitin 2014. Megjithatë, audienca ruse votoi këngën austriake në vendin e tretë dhe Conchita ia doli të fitonte në fund.
Në vitin 2016, Rusia kundërshtoi performancën e "1944" nga pjesëmarrësi ukrainas Jamala, një këngë që ishte evokuese për dëbimin e tatarëve të Krimesë nën Josef Stalin. EBU argumentoi në atë kohë se kënga nuk kishte të bënte me politikën, por me historinë e familjes. Jamala, vetë një tatare e Krimesë, mori në shtëpi trofeun.
Gjobë për flamurin palestinez
Kërkesa dhe slogane nga audienca apo artistët gjithashtu kanë ndodhur herë pas here në festival, dhe janë ndëshkuar.
Në Tel Aviv në vitin 2019, grupi islandez Hatari shfaqi flamurin palestinez gjatë pjesës së votimit të mbrëmjes. Si rezultat, transmetuesi islandez duhej të paguante një gjobë në EBU. Po atë mbrëmje, performanca e Madonës tashmë kishte bërë bujë: një nga kërcimtarët e saj mbante një flamur palestinez, një tjetër një izraelit.
However, Malmö has taken all measures for Eurovision to take place without serious incidents. There will be no fan-zone outside the festival premises and the presence of the police will be increased.
Two major anti-Israel demonstrations have been announced for Eurovision week, which begins on May 5 and ends six days later with the grand final. And while the Swedish authorities expect the worst, they have banned Israeli fans from walking with their national flag. The Israeli delegation was asked to leave the hotel rooms only for rehearsals and performances./ DW
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