The old drug that continues to revolutionize medicine even after 6 decades

After more than six decades of use, metformin remains one of the most important drugs in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as scientists continue to discover new benefits.

Originally developed from components of the Galega officinalis plant, metformin was introduced in the late 1950s and quickly became the mainstay treatment for blood sugar control. It works by improving the body's use of insulin, reducing glucose production by the liver, and increasing its absorption by muscles.

In addition to its key role in diabetes, researchers are exploring other potential uses, including treating polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), protecting the brain, and even influencing the aging process. However, the evidence for these uses remains inconsistent and requires further study.

Metformin is usually well tolerated, but can cause side effects such as stomach upset, diarrhea, and vitamin B12 deficiency. A rare but serious complication is lactic acidosis, especially in patients with severe kidney or liver problems.

Meanwhile, new international guidelines suggest an earlier and combined approach to diabetes treatment, including metformin along with other drugs such as SGLT-2 inhibitors, to better protect the heart and kidneys.

Even as diabetes therapy evolves, metformin remains a reliable, effective, and affordable mainstay of healthcare. Its history shows that sometimes the oldest drugs continue to have the greatest impact./ CNA

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