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In the Constitutional Court, a hearing was held for the complaint of the Association of Producers and Traders of Domestic Alcoholic Beverages, for the partial repeal of the law "On an amendment to the law no. 61/2012 "On excise duties in the Republic of Albania".
From January 1, 2023, the unification of the excise duty of 710 ALL/Hl for local and foreign producers of beer and alcoholic beverages came into force. The production of the country before the fiscal changes was charged with 360 ALL/HL for producers under 200,000 HL, while for production above this level the excise duty was 710 ALL.
Lawyer Sajmir Laçej, representative of the complaining party, focusing on the object of the request, said that the legal changes increase the excise duty level of local producers by 100%. Laçej said that the previous fiscal policy was a consolidated policy in support of local producers, according to the European Union model. Laçej argued that the legal changes not only discriminate against domestic producers, but also violate the principle of legal certainty.
"The first question that is naturally asked is: Are we in front of a temporary measure, or in front of a consolidated taxation policy? We were in front of a consolidated taxation policy based on the transposition of the EU directive. A policy that has been applied in all EU countries for more than 30 years. Even Albania, since 2012, has aligned the excise legislation with the directive that differentiates and treats equally the producers with a small amount of production under 200 thousand Hl and the producers over 200 thousand HL.
At first glance it seems like 200 thousand HL is a significant amount. It must be compared globally, beer is a product that a certain brand is marketed all over the world at the same time, in staggering quantities, and a small producer in a certain geographical area finds it impossible to compete with a large producer , both in terms of raw material and marketing costs. For this reason, to avoid the damage of competition and disappearance from the market that could bring either traditional beers in the EU market or in Albania, this policy was adapted, which protects small producers from economies of scale.
We are not dealing with a temporary policy, but a consolidated policy. Even in Albania, 10 years passed, from 2012, where 10 million USD were spent through the IPA project to align the excise legislation".
Referring also to the SAA agreement, Laçej emphasized that the changes in the excise law bring Albania back 10 years ago, as the principle of discrimination is violated for producers and exporters with a capacity of 200 thousand Hl per year.
He said that for 2023, due to the change in taxation, the weight of domestic production has decreased compared to imported beers.
“Nga 44% të peshës së totalit që zinte në vitin 2022, në vitin 2023 prodhimi vendas zë 39% të peshës së totalit të konsumit. Kemi një rënie të konsiderueshme prej 5%. Trendi rënës ka vijuar edhe vitin korent. Në 4 mujorin e parë pesha e birrës ka rënë 7%. Me këto ritme do të jemi shumë “të lumtur” pasi do të konsumojmë vetëm produkte importi. Tradita e prodhimit të birrës më të cilët krenohemi si në agroturizëm dhe turizëm nuk do të jetë më.
Është dëmtuar edhe konsumatori gjithashtu. Birra e vendit për nga çmimi ka qenë më e përballueshme për konsumatorin me të ardhura të ulëta. Aktualisht janë të detyruar të përballen me çmime të larta për shkak të rritjes së akcizës”, pohoi ai.
Përfaqësuesi i ministrisë së Financave dhe Ekonomisë Niko Lera tha se ndryshimet për unifikimin e akcizës adresojnë problemet me informalitetin te prodhuesit vendas dhe te importuesit nga rajoni.
Ai tha se të paktën 4-5 tatimpagues të mëdhenj të birrës, që hyjnë te bizneset VIP, janë trajtuar për një periudhë 12 vjeçare bazuar në një direktivë të BE-së, e cila lejon, por nuk detyron që prodhuesit e vegjël lokalë, të mund të kenë një tarifë të reduktuar krahasuar me impiantet e tjera të industrisë prodhuese.
“Në vitin 2012 kur u hartua ligji i akcizës, që bazuar në rekomandimet e direktivës së BE-së u përcaktua të aplikohej diferencimi i shkallës së akcizës së diferencuar, ishte një masë mbështetëse për prodhuesit vendas, sepse të gjithë konsideroheshin nën këtë limit.
Kjo masë do të duhej të shërbente për rritjen e prodhuesve vendas dhe për kalimin nga një operator me sasi të vogla prodhimi në një operator me sasi të madhe prodhimi. Në periudhën 2012-2022 vërehet se askush prej tyre nuk tejkaloi këto pritshmëri, sikurse i ka direktiva, edhe pse ishin marka të mëdha në treg dhe dolën edhe në eksport. Nuk u vërtetua te prodhuesit arsyeja e zbatimit të kësaj mase.
Së dyti, tarifa e diferencuar e akcizës, krijoi precedent në prodhim. Operatorët synonin të mos kalonin pragun e prodhimit prej 200 mijë hl që të përfitonin tarifën e përgjysmuar. Ndërsa në rastin më të keq nën deklaronin ose nuk deklaronin pjesën e prodhimit mbi 200 mijë Hl. Kjo tregoi që një vendimi i logjikshëm, siç ishte ai që u mor në 2012 për rritjen e prodhuesve nuk arriti të përmbushte objektivin e synuar.
Theksojmë se tarifën e përgjysmuar nuk e përfitonin vetëm prodhuesit vendas, por edhe atë të huaj. Nëse në 2022 në vend janë konsumuar 100 mln litra birrë, nga të cilat 50 mln litra vendi me tarifë të përgjysmuar dhe 50 mln litra birrë e huaj me 70% e prodhuar me tarifë 710 lekë dhe 30% me tarifë të reduktuar.
Tashmë kësaj tarifë të unifikuar do t’i nënshtrohen edhe kjo 30% brenda 100% të birrës së importit që kishin krijuar probleme të mëdha me administrimin doganor, pasi ishte shumë e vështirë të verifikohet administrativisht që një fabrikë e vogël në Çeki apo Malta ishte prodhues nën 200 mijë Hl. Edhe importuesit po abuzonin me tarifën e diferencuar.
So to overcome the problems with the producers, the abuses by the importers, the decision was made to unify it. We do not judge that this change affects the producers until they are closed," he said.
Asked by members of the jury, Lera said that the unification of the excise duty is not a heavy burden for local producers.
"The excise duty level that is applied is not suffocating. In many cases, it is below the level of VAT, which is taxed on every good and service in the country. The increase in tourism will cause the production of the country to increase.
I don't see a risk of failure, because you can get a local beer at a price of 100 lek and, for the sake of truth, the influx of tourists in Albania who are not high class, but tourists with bags on their backs, who cannot consume beer at 3 times the price, but of course they will prefer local and regional beer".
From January 1, 2023, the production sectors most affected by the increase in excise duty, those of beer and strong alcoholic beverages, have raised concerns about the increase in costs and as a result have been forced to reduce production and increase prices by up to 20%. Local producers unanimously raised the concern several times that the doubling of the excise duty would not only increase the weight of imported beer on the market, but would lead to bankruptcy of the local industry.
On the other hand, the market share of local beer continues to expand. According to Customs data for the months of January-March, imported beer took 59% of the market./ Monitor
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